COMMUNICATIONS

C.1) A message signal m(t)=cos(2000*pi*t)+4cos(4000*pi*t) modulates the carrier c(t)=cos(2*pi*fc*t) where fc=1MHz to produce an AM signal. For demodulating the generated AM signal using an envelope detector, the time constant RC of the detector circuit should satisfy
(a) 0.5ms < RC < 1ms
(b) 1μs << RC < 0.5ms
(c) RC << 1 μs
(d) RC >> 0.5 ms
Answer is (b)
Explanation:
    Desired condition for the time constant RC of the detector circuit is (1/fc) << TRC < (1/fm). Thus we have
  (1/1M) << TRC < (1/2K)            ; 2K from the signal 4cos(4000*pi*t) = 4cos(2*2000*pi*t)
=>   1us << TRC < 0.5ms

C.2) Consider an angle modulated signal x(t) = 6cos[2Π*106t + 2*sin(8000Πt) + 4*cos(8000Πt)] . The average power of x(t) is
(a) 10W
(b) 18W
(c) 20W
(d) 28W
Answer is (b)
Solution: 
Average power of the signal = (Ac)^2/2 
                                              = (6^2)/2
                                              = 36/2
                                              = 18 W

C.3) In delta modulation, the slope overload distortion can be reduced by
(a) decreasing step size
(b) decreasing granular noise
(c) decreasing sampling rate
(d) increasing step size
Answer is (d)

C.4) If the number of bits per sample in a Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM) system is increased from 5 bits to 6 bits,the improvement in signal to quantization noise ratio will be
(a) 3 dB          
(b) 6 dB
(c) 2pi dB       
(d) 0 dB
Answer is (b)
Explanation: 
SNRdb = 6.02n+1.76      ; where n is the number of bits
SNRdb(5) = 6.02 x 5 +1.76 = 31.86 dB 
SNRdb(5) = 6.02 x 6 +1.76 = 37.88 dB      
SNRdb(6) - SNRdb(5) = 37.88 - 31.86 = 6.02 dB
Thus we have 6db as the answer

C.5) For a message signal m(t) = cos(2*pi*fm*t) and carrier of frequency fc, which of the following represents a single side-band signal?
(a) cos(2*pi*fm*t) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
(b) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
(c) cos[2*pi*(fm+fc)*t]
(d) 1+cos(2*pi*fm*t) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
Answer is (c)

C.6) If 'E' denotes Expectation, the variance of a random variable X is given by:
(a) E[x^2] - E^2[x]
(b) E[x^2] + E^2[x]
(c) E[x^2]
(d) E^2[x]
Answer is (a)

C.7) A device with input x(t) & output y(t) is characterized by: y(t) = x^2(t). An FM signal with frequency deviation of 90kHz & modulating signal bandwidth of 5kHz is applied to this device. The bandwidth of the output signal is
(a) 370 kHz
(b) 190 kHz
(c) 380 kHz
(d) 95 kHz
Answer is (a)
Concept : Carson's Rule 

C.8) Four messages band limited to W, W, 2W and 3W respectively are to be multiplexed using time division multiplexing. The minimum bandwidth required for transmission of this TDM signal is
(a) W            
(b) 3W
(c) 6W          
(d) 7W
Answer is (c)
Explanation: 
Minimum bandwidth required for transmission = 2 x (maximum frequency of the message signal)
Thus, we have 6W = 2 x (3W)


C.9) An analog signal is band-limited to 4 kHz, sampled at Nyquist rate & the samples are quantized into 4 levels. The quantized levels are assumed to be independent & equally probable. If we transmit two quantized samples per second, the information rate is:
(a) 1 bit/sec
(b) 2 bits/sec
(c) 3 bits/sec
(d) 4 bits/sec
Answer is (d)

C.10) A 1kHz signal is sampled at the rate of 1.8kHz and the samples are applied to an ideal rectangular LPF with a cut-off frequency of 1.1kHz, then the output of the filter contains
(a) only 800 Hz component
(b) 800 Hz and 900 Hz components
(c) 800 Hz and 100 Hz components
(d) 800 Hz, 900Hz and 100 Hz components
Answer is (a)
Explanation
The frequency at which the aliased signal will be present is given by fm±kfs ;where fm and frepresent message and sampling frequencies respectively with k being an integer. In this example,
frequency at 1kHz will get aliased at -0.8(=1+1.8)kHz and 2.8(=1+1.8)kHz. 
Similarly the signal at -1kHz will get aliased at 0.8(=-1+1.8)kHz and -2.8(=-1-1.8)kHz.
After passing through an ideal rectangular LPF with cutoff frequency 1.1kHz, only the component of 0.8kHz remains. 

C.11)Find the correct match between group 1 & group 2
- multiplication
Group 1
P.{1 + km(t) A sin(Omega t)}
Q. km(t) A sin(Omega t)
R. A sin{Omega t + k m(t)}
S. A sin[Omegk t + k Integral (m(t))] 
Group 2
W. Phase Modulation
X.  Frequency Modulation
Y. Amplitude Modulation
Z. DSB-SC Modulation
(a) P-Y , Q- Z , R- W, S-X
(b) P-Z , Q -Y, R - W, S- X
(c)P- X, Q-W,R-Y,S-Z
(d)none of above
Answer is (a)

C.12) Power in the signal s(t) = 8cos(20*pi-pi/2) + 4sin(15*pi*t) is
(a) 40                 (b) 41
(c) 42                 (d) 82
Answer is (a)
Solution:
Power in the signal = [(Ac1)^2+(Ac2)^2]/2
                                = (8^2+4^2)/2 = (64+16)/2
                                = 80/2 = 40

C.13) An angle modulated signal is expressed by: F(t) = cos(2 10^8 Πt + 75 sin 210^3Πt). The peak frequency deviation of carrier is then:
(a) 1 kHz
(b) 7.5 kHz
(c) 75 kHz
(d)100MHz
Answer is (c)

C.14) Which of the following analog modulation scheme requires the minimum transmitted power and minimum channel bandwidth?
(a) VSB          
(b) SSB
(c) DSB-SC  
(d) AM
Answer is (b)

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